Because of the harsh habitat of the wild horse ranges, they developed into strong small horses capable of living on their own. Equus fossils have been discovered on every continent except Antarctica and Australia. Collin finds a parallel between the reaction to these new Western findings and that of the fossil evidence showing horses were always in the Americas. Collin theorizes that because horses were a symbol of status and civilization in Spain during that time, and because conquerors needed to illustrate the Native people as savage and uncivilized to justify their conquest to the Queen of Spain, the truth about the relationship between Native peoples and the horse was purposefully distorted. They are telling us over and over again that anything that they consider to be of value in our cultures is still ‘derivative’ of theirs.”. WORD to PDF converter with no limits to file size, no watermark and no registration. Hernán Cortés brought 15 horses to the mainland, and many of them were granted to settlers in Mexico and New Mexico. They went extinct in North America about 11,000 years ago but survived on other continents and many years later returned to their continent of birth. [ Most Native Men of North America have very Broad Shoulders and a High Endurance, which suggests we were once our own pack animals. ] What does that mean? The modern horse was introduced to North America in 1519 by Spanish conquistadors. But are horses native to North America? [ The trade between the Nations of the Americans was significant, and if horses could be domesticated, they would have quickly been adopted. Equus had a long neck and legs, with a single toe. The Comanches broke off their normal lifestyle and alliances and became the "lords of the plains" after they got horses. —, Collins' work disproves Spanish introduction of the horse to Native people. Dinohippus fossils have been found in North America and date from 13-5 million years ago. Native Americans first possessed horses from 1630-1650; no one has a precise year. Native Americans learned the skills needed to train their horses and began capturing wild horses and trading with the Spanish for horses. 's Central Coast affirms the Heiltsuk Nation’s oral tales. “You have whole horse populations that are so run ragged, so stressed out by the helicopters, and the constant running from the government,” states Collin. Cortez and other explorers brought mostly Iberian horses. Review the following resources for more on prehistoric horses of North America: Evolution of the Horse; The Dawn Horse or Eohippus (PDF) Climate change and the resulting change of vegetation are the most likely cause of the extinction of the horses native to North America. Similarly, wouldn't genetic testing of Collins American horses also indicate a uniquely American heritage? Following that original emigration, there were additional westward migrations to Asia and return migrations back to North America, as well as several extinctions of Equus species in North Ameri… Not one. Along with our mustangs and burros and other allies, we salute you Yvette Running Horse Collins for this luminous work. It doesn't seem the Euro-Americans need any monkeying-around with the natural science of horses in North America to add to their reasons, such as they are, for keeping Native Americans in submission. It stood approximately 13 hands tall with the features of a standard horse. It stood ten hands tall with a long face and long legs. Studies have shown. Pseudoarchaeological claims of horses present in the Americas isn't all that new. They were dated to be the oldest of any found in the world. The myth of the horse being an introduced species not only disfavors indigenous cultures as to their relationship with this treasured animal. The Spanish horse of the time of the conquest had a major impact on most European light horse types (this was before breeds were developed, so type is a more accurate word). If there were horses in North America before Columbus, what role did they play in Native cultures? The debate about horses coming into the New World with the conquistadors is a big part of why the Bureau of Land Management tries to claim they have the right to round up our wild horses and pimp our their land to cattle ranchers - makes me sick! Collins' work disproves Spanish introduction of the horse to Native people. 1-4 million years ago, Equus, the modern horse, debuted in North America. [ They theorize the Native people subdued the wild Spanish horses in the mid 16th century. But on account of Collin’s work, the theory is being changed once again to say Native Americans always had a sustained relationship with the horse. Horses are native to North America. Epihippus middle toe was larger, the first sign of its development into a hoof. As far back as 130,000 years. This is becoming a proxy battle about the larger truth claims of the Mormon churches. Based on fossil records, the genus appears to have originated in North America about 4 million years ago and spread to Eurasia (presumably by crossing the Bering land bridge) 2 to 3 million years ago. She made up the nonsense about "designs carved by humans". Dinohippus skull, teeth, and foot structure are very similar to modern horses. Thirty-eight million years ago, Epihippus stepped out from the forest and into the meadows. If you can't say something concrete, say why, or better yet, don't say it at all. New York Times: Notably, there are about 82,000 feral horses that roam freely in the wild in certain parts of the country, mostly in the Western United States. Collin didn’t stop there, however. The Spanish never came through our area, so there's no way they could have introduced them to us," reads one quote from a Blackfoot (Nitsitapi) study participant in Collin’s doctoral study. Through the use of new scientific techniques, the team of researchers confirmed bit damage caused by horses being harnessed or bridled. Paint Horse Colors. Collin seeks to inspire more research to illuminate the truth behind what the government has labeled as “feral” so that wild horses can be protected by the Indigenous Species Act. There are about 9.2 million horses in the country and 4.6 million citizens are involved in the horse business. It will destroy our country," the president says. Horses have played a significant role in the history of North America and throughout the world. Paleontologists recently determined that a skeleton discovered during a landscaping project belonged to a horse from the Pleistocene Era. 's Central Coast affirms the Heiltsuk Nation’s oral tales. I am happy that the ancestors left evidence to refute these lies. ‘Donald Trump has made it clear that he is unfit to serve as president of the United States’, A five-day celebration leading to the Jan. 20 inauguration began with Indigenous recognition, Opposition grows to the $2.6B Enbridge pipeline from tribes, Indigenous rights organizations and environmental groups, What you, our Indian Country Today readers, read most. Today, the horse weighs up to 1500 pounds, supports North American farming and participates in important events around the world. My friends were talking about the most dangerous types of horse-riding activity when someone suggested dressage, and everyone burst into laughter. In reality there were several powerful movements combined to crush and stifle claims that ancestors of the Plains Indians had horses and “horse culture” for thousands of years. In 2008, there were an estimated 9.2 million horses in the United States, with 4.6 million citizens involved in businesses related to horses. [ Given how dumb horses are, how would they have been an exception ??? https://www.miamifenceco.com. The mastodon carving is real and authenticated and worth millions so do not just poo poo this amazing lady...please, Also consider that even at 130,000 years, that is just a few seconds in Earth's timeline. An ancient archaeological discovery on Triquet Island on B.C. It is doubtful that Native Americans could learn to catch, break, and train a wild horse without training, especially in such a short time. So, sadly, this is just one more way the Mormons have made native history all about them. Horse Racing Sense is your resource for learning about horses. There’s no way Spanish horses could have made it through the dense forest and swampland to … Carbon dating, DNA mutation extrapolations and now sonar imaging in the jungles of Central America keep blowing our minds. The San Diego mastodon bones involve a dubious claim that mastodon bones were smashed open by humans over 100,000 years ago. These however, during the prehistoric age died out from the continent for unknown reasons, probably from some disease. How beautiful. “I didn't expect that,” says Collin. However, at some point, the animals were extinct and later made a huge comeback, so who do we thank for their return? The name Eohippus was first applied by Thomas Henry Huxley while visiting the United States in 1876. But since we know the Spanish introduced horses to North America, when did Native Americans get horses? The flooding of the Bering Strait land bridge resulted in the extinction of many large mammals in North America. Why are they making us as having been from somewhere else? Some have stripes on their legs. The horse evolved in the Americas, but became extinct between 8,000 and 12,000 years ago. Why couldn’t we have been here?" Christopher Columbus is credited with bringing horses back to North America in 1493. Forty-five million-year-old fossils of Eohippus, the modern horse’s ancestor, evolved in North America, survived in Europe and Asia, and returned with the Spanish explorers. The first force to emerge came with the War of 1812. A LTHOUGH horses were unknown to the Indians of North America before the advent of the Spaniards, many of the tribes living in the great plains area were already in possession of these animals before the first explorers and traders reached them. It is impossible to say conclusively that nothing new will be discovered regarding the ancient past. Some have spots all over. Equus originated in North America and spread throughout the world. A docent at the Heard Museum told me, about 12-14 years ago that there were horses here before Europeans came. No land bridge so they swam?? Horses were first introduced to Native American tribes via European explorers. A Lakota/Nakota/Cheyenne scholar, Collin worked within the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Indigenous Studies program to synthesize fossil evidence, historical documents and oral history to present a compelling new story of the horse in the Americas. Then came to discover that horses trace their origin as a species to the Americas, who then traveled across the Bering land bridge into Asia were they were domesticated and eventually taken to America. Keep telling a lie long enough ........eventually everyone will believe it! Horses and camels originally evolved in North America, but left via the Land Bridge, apparently before our indigenous aboriginies {I was born here, so I'm a Native American] arrived. Archeologists uncovered evidence that indicates horses were selectively bred, used for milk, and possibly ridden. I have read many, many of these stories (or theories), and as much as I want to believe it, I have yet to see one single shred of credible evidence, peer reviewed and validated, by one single source. Yvette Running Horse Collin’s recent dissertation may have rewritten every natural history book on the shelf. At this point, the narrative shifted to say that horses originated in the Americas, but were later completely extinguished due to the last Ice Age period (roughly 13,000 to 11,000 years ago). “We have calmly known we've always had the horse, way before the settlers came. for example: Zebras will savage anyone dumb enough to try to domesticate them. ] Rather, they appear to have been crushed with rocks, perhaps by hominids. We are compensated for referring traffic and business to Amazon and other companies linked to on this site. Eohippus is the ancestor of all modern-day horses as well as prehistoric horses like Epihippus and Merychippus. I have bought, sold, and broke racehorse yearlings. As the Spanish Conquistadores expanded their fighting into Central America, Peru, and Argentina, thousands of heavy horses were imported from Barcelona in order to supply the needs of armored cavalry. It also had high-crowned cheek teeth for grazing, allowing it to be the first grazing horse. The Indians of the southern plains bred horses that escaped from the Spaniards, and from there the horse moved north. “The first documented arrival of horses on the mainland, near what we now call Mexico City, was in 1519. Appaloosa horse appears to have been in North America before the Spanish brought European horses. Whenever a story like this comes out, the Mormons and their critics rally around it. Nobody can be healthy when you run them that hard and make no place for them. It is a travesty what America has done to such great and proud people. Thus the name Eohippus, the “dawn horse.” The Eohippus evolved into Orohippus. In 1519 he transported horses to Mexico from Europe. The horse evolved in the Americas, but became extinct between 8,000 and 12,000 years ago. They are used for working, kept as pets, and used in sports. Eohippus also had functioning toes, four on their front feet and three on their hind feet. In addition to this hard physical evidence, a number of researchers are looking seriously into oral histories of native Americans which point rather clearly to the existence of horses before the Spanish arrived. By the mid-16th century, ranches … Spanish farmers established vast fields for the cultivation of wheat, barley, and oats. “Many studies show that these horses were present after the very same Ice Age that supposedly wiped out them all out. Ultimately, Collin’s dissertation is a groundbreaking piece of comprehensive research, employing a blend of both Western and Indigenous research methodologies, that will lay a firm foundation for further research. Click here. Every indigenous community that was interviewed reported having horses prior to European arrival, and each community had a traditional creation story explaining the sacred place of the horse within their societies. There’s problems all throughput here # 1 she says “the Spanish never came to this area so how could they introduce horses to us” that misunderstands the history of the horse trade and how horses moved like guns from one tribe to another in trade and theft don’t forget ... Another point where she gives away that this is purely political not scientific is the denial of human migration no land bridge and the reason is whites don’t want us here for very long .. There were so many horses in the American Southeastern Woodlands that American historians were initially inclined to think that they were strays from expeditions by Ponce de Leon (1513) and Hernando De Soto (1540-45). A new study has dropped a bombshell on archaeology, claiming signs of human activity in the Americas far earlier than thought. These communities do not speak the same language, share the same culture or the same geographical areas. And testing of pottery remanents found traces of horse milk. However, English settlers came to Florida during the 17th and 18th Centuries bringing with them their draft horses. Merychippus was smarter, more agile, and taller than its predecessors. Now this study makes the claim that the American horse did not go extinct. There is a significant error in this article. Appaloosa horse appears to have been in North America before the Spanish brought European horses. I've been saying this for years! The Clovis People were here 50,000 years ago or so. When the Ice Age ended, sea levels rose to cut off animals’ natural food sources. We’re they tame? The classification is fuzzy, so let’s take a deeper dive into the topic. 1493: The first horses to arrive in the New World were transported by Christopher Columbus (Colon) on his second voyage . This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. She also drew from recorded observations in the diaries and maps created by explorers such as Sir Francis Drake, Sebastian Cabot, and other early Spanish conquistadors. Equus survived by crossing the Bering land bridge that connected Alaska to Siberia. The Indians did not even have name for such animals, yet in the diluvial age there were living one-toed wild horses (Equus Scotti). Horse racing became a popular sport, and thoroughbred breeding farms were established. We would love to talk to you about having a member or members of your herd join ours in treating the 2 leggeds in our community! These were crops that relied upon cultivation by heavy draft animals. One bit of evidence that suggests Native Americans have made the acquaintance of horses only relatively recently is that the names they use for "horse" tend to be compounds, including names that belonged to other animals. It sure seems as if I have heard tribal accounts of first encounters with horses and the sudden changes they wrought in some tribes. https://wizzley.com/the-survival-of-horses-in-pre-columbian-america/. European settlers brought horses of varying breeds to North America. "Critical race theory, the 1619 Project, and the crusade against American history is toxic propaganda, ideological poison that, if not removed, will dissolve the civic bonds that tie us together. I’m always amazed by how well horses and humans coordinate to perform amazing feats. Horses native to North America vanished. https://word-topdf.com. Types of horses in Spain at the time of the founding of the American populations did vary in color and conformation, and included gaited as well as trotting horses. Horses were probably first ridden about 5,500 years ago on the plains of northern Kazakhstan, according to a 2009 study conducted by the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom. And from there they spread to the rest of the world. It seams that it wouldn't be difficult to find the preserved remains of a horse from a year pre 1492 that would prove this out more definitively. Plus 6 Fun Facts and Pictures. In a recent interview, Collin gave greater insight into the political and cultural nature of science. Consider this to be a job application. Mustangs are often referred to as wild horses, but because they are descended from once-domesticated horses, they are properly defined as feral horses. I've ridden horses all my life and love to hear these stories. 50 phone calls would have made this a story. Indian of the Americas have always had a rich tradition of culture and civilization. So are they native? “Then if you take a closer look, this land that the horses are on is the same land from which corporations are trying to extract resources or water. Horses: Horses are a very loved and popular animals in the United States. Collin currently takes care of over 100 horses she claims to be descendants of the ancient horse of the Americas. First about 25,000 years ago and most recently 11,000 years ago, but before they went extinct in North America they migrated to Asia. It is not true that there were no horses in America before the Spaniards came. According to Collin’s dissertation, the American scientific community was outraged and questioned his findings. Our ability to accurately date archaeological findings is excellent. Their horses were derived mostly from Welsh and Iberian mounts brought by immigrants between 500 and 1300 AD. However, Sir Francis Drake, visiting the west coast of North America, saw “large bands of wild horses,” as quoted from Those are beautiful horses in the photos! The first recorded sighting of Native people with horses, however, was in 1521 and that was in the Carolinas. Mitchell argues that extinction was most likely due to significant climate change that started well before the earliest arrival of humans and adversely affected the dry grasses that American horses and other mega-fauna consumed. And it is also said that the Araucanian Indians of Patagonia have a peculiar breed of ponies which may be derived in art from a native South American stock. The early horses went extinct in North America but made a come back in the 15th century. That in fact it was always the brilliant cohort of the Native American as described in oral history. It was a small animal, standing only 13 inches and had an arched back similar to some deer. In the early 1900s, the horse population in the United States had grown to 20 million. Evidence suggests that Equus migrated to Asia a million years ago. They are the first breed to have developed one toe and also a stay mechanism. Note that all of these radiometrically-dated Equus remains were found in North America. I love the horses that you have. In a similar vein, the general weaknesses of oral tradition from very few and specific people being used to accurately describe the biodiversity of an area that existed hundreds of years ago is not discussed. At this point, the narrative shifted to say that horses originated in the Americas, but were later completely extinguished due to the last Ice Age period (roughly 13,000 to 11,000 years ago). Some have manes that grow down to the ground. Timeline of the Spanish Horse Movement into North America. It provides a type of evidence, "oral tradition" upon which we can further investigate. Upholding or cheerleading one type of knowledge above the other ("western" science or traditional knowledge) is wrong either way. Indians used dogs to pull loads before they got horses. I am sending this to Las Vegas journalist George Knapp who has worked tirelessly to help save our wild horses and fight the evil, greedy BLM! It is more likely they either traded for horses or were taught to train horses, which would take time. And compared to the timeline of the universe and the scope and size of the universe, we are just a flash of a pixel. This helps them grow more quickly and heathily. https://ahotcupofjoe.net/.../pseudoarchaeological-claims.../ . They say, ‘Native people came over the land bridge.’ Why? History hurts sweetie, take one out of the Hindu's book and let the evidence persuade you away from your conflation of spirituality and history. We’re they domesticated? Spanish horses were established in Florida and were very successful on the ranches and farms being settled throughout the rich grasslands of central Florida. Indigenous horses were here, just as Indigenous peoples were here, along with indigenous dogs. Thus the Spanish did not introduce the horse so much as re-introduce it. The horses need their natural environment. In addition, there are about 33,000 feral horses that roam freely in a wild state in certain parts of the country. There had to have been horses here all along. However, he left the horses in the Virgin Islands. link to Paint Horse Colors. In a Constitution Day speech at the National Archives in Washington, President Trump criticizes the Left of trying "to impose a new segregation" by viewing everything through the lens of race. Hernán Cortés brought 15 horses to the mainland, and many of them were granted to settlers in Mexico and New Mexico. The characteristics of the ancient animal suggest it was likely a timid forest dweller. In the southwestern United States, a wealthy Spaniard established a settlement, which included livestock and horses. Her hope is to find more caretakers for these horses and create a movement of Indigenous horse culture revitalization. Thus, the Spanish were still believed at that time to have “reintroduced” the horse to the Americas in the late 1400s. I am glad to hear they were here all along. The horse was here well before the settlers. Many people believe that the horse completely disappeared from North America, where it evolved, prior to the arrival of Europeans. For this reason, she posits in through an “intercultural translation” lens that the history of the relationship between the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas and their horses was covered up and rewritten. There’s no way Spanish horses could have made it through the dense forest and swampland to the Carolinas and repopulated in just two years.”. But part of me is skeptical exactly because of this cultural beauty. Most of the evolutionary development of the horse (54 million years ago to … You can email us at horseracingsense@gmail.com with any questions. Part of me wants to accept this study as true for the simple reason that it has a kind of cultural beauty. Collin points to the first recorded sighting of horses with Native Peoples in the Carolinas: “Columbus brought the first Spanish horse to the Caribbean in 1493,” remarks Collin. For years it has been believed that horses and humans did not cohabitate the continent. Spotted Appaloosa Curly-line foal and her Mother at Sacred Way Sanctuary. bible, book of mormon). The Western World concluded that all horses of Native American peoples were, therefore, descendants of horses brought from overseas. Did they pull carts? Centuries later, the descendants of the North American predecessor to modern horses returned home. Scientists believe that the first horses (called Pliohippus) to evolve in North America appeared about 6 million years ago. 786-699-8733 Miami's most trusted fence installation company. No records of anyone before. There are a great many archaeologist, ecologist and anthropologist interested in this same question. Indians from local tribes were used to help keep the horses and other livestock. I was reading a recent article about wild horses and their origin in North America. But on account of Collin’s work, the theory is being beckoned to change once again to say that Native Americans always had a sustained relationship with the horse. That’s number one. This resulted in cross breeding of these Spanish and English horses. The Spanish took meticulous records of every mare and stallion. 1492: Columbus’s first voyage carried no horse, however, after his first voyage Columbus and all others who traveled to this region flying a Spanish flag must carry horses, so ordered by the King of Spain.4 1493: The first horses to arrive in the New World were transported by Christopher Columbus (Colon) on his second voyage . Currently, in North America, there are close to 19.5 million horses, representing almost a third of the world’s horse population. The panel, made up of 12 tribal leaders from across the state, is believed to be the first of its kind in the U.S. Compacts seen as a possible route forward, From Washington state to Ohio, creativity and strategy are getting land back for tribal nations, Many lawmakers wore traditional clothing during their swearing-in ceremonies, The tribe began discussion with the administration in 2017 and entered into negotiations that haven’t happened, Environmentalists contend the Forest Service was pressured to push the review over the finish line before President Trump leaves office, Image from "The Relationship Between the Indigenous People of the Americas and the Horse: Deconstructing a Eurocentric Myth”, Yvette Running Horse Collins PhD Dissertation at University of Alaska, Fairbanks.